.The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in. The body administers elections to the, and the offices of the and of the country.
The Election Commission operates under the authority of per Article 324, and subsequently enacted. The commission has the powers under the, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s, the and the. See also: andThe current commission was established in 1950 when it had a appointed.
Membership increased on 16 October 1989 to three with the increase of two Commissioners were appointed to the commission. That commission ceased on 1 January 1990 when The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989 superseded the earlier the commission; it continues in operation. Decisions by the commission are by at least a majority vote. The and the two who are usually draw salaries and allowances as per with those of the Judges of the as per the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1992.The commission secretariat is based in which includes the Election Commissioners, Deputy Election Commissioners (usually ) Directors General, Principal Secretaries, Secretaries and Under Secretaries.Administration is generally by state with the Chief Electoral Officer of the State, who is an of rank. At the district and constituency levels, the (in their capacity as District Election Officers), Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers perform election work.
Removal from office The can be from office as can be a judge of the Supreme Court of India: a two-thirds majority resolution passed by the ( and ) outlining the grounds of misbehavior or incapacity. Other can be removed by the President of India on the advice of the. A has yet to be impeached. In 2009, just before the, sent a recommendation to President to remove, who was soon to take office as the and to subsequently supervise the Lok Sabha Election, a potential conflict of interest considering his partisan political party behavior. The President rejected advisory recommendation. Subsequently, after Gopalswami's retirement the next month, Chawla became the and supervised the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections.
Functions. See also:The fundamental pursuit of democracy is elections at regular intervals.
Holding periodic, free and fair elections are essentials of a democratic system and a part fundamental aspect of the Constitution. The Election Commission is regarded as India's guardian of elections. Starting with the 1971, the commission has issued for each election an advisory Model Code of Conduct guidelines to be adhered to by political parties and candidates although there is no constitutional statutory power or obligation to do so. Instances of violation of the code by various political parties with complaints being received for misuse of official machinery by the candidates has happened. The code does not have any specific statutory basis but only a persuasive effect.
Deletion and Modification shall not be processed after, However addition will continue till the last date of nomination. Application for addition should be submitted atleast 10 days before last date of.
It contains the rules of electoral morality.In 1989, political parties were required to register with the commission. Avoiding confusion is the objective of the registration with the commission.
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The commission has the power to designate political party insignia and is prohibited from allowing the same insignia by two different parties regardless of differing locations. It set limits on poll expenses. The commission is responsible for maintenance of the electoral rolls and establishing the schedules of elections.The commission is empowered with prohibiting dissemination or publication of voting trends that seek to influence voters by or.To curb the growing influence of money during elections, the Election Commission has made many suggestions and changes in this regard. The commission has appointed IRS officers of the Income Tax Department as Election Observers (Expenditure) of all elections and has fixed the legal limits on the amount of money which a candidate can spend during election campaigns. These limits have been revised over time. The Election Commission, by appointing expenditure observers from the, keeps an eye on the individual account of election expenditure.
The commission takes details of the candidate's assets on affidavit at the time of submitting nomination paper, who are also required to give details of their expenditure within 30 days of the declaration of results. The campaign period has also been reduced by the commission from 21 to 14 days for Lok Sabha and Assembly elections to cut down election expenditure.In an attempt to decriminalise politics, the Election Commission has approached the to put a lifetime ban on convicted politicians from contesting elections. Modernisation The Election Commission had tried to bring improvements in election procedures by the introduction of or EVMs. It was thought that these would reduce malpractices and improve efficiency. It was first tried out on an experimental basis in the state of for the 1982 Legislative Assembly Elections. After a successful testing and the legal inquiries, the commission took the decision to begin the use of these voting machines. The Election Commission launched a web site of its own on 28 February 1998 in order to provide accurate information, management, administration and instant results of the elections.
In an effort to prevent electoral fraud, in 1993, EPICs or Electors Photo Identity Cards were issued, which became mandatory by the. However have been allowed for election purposes in certain situations.In 1998, the commission decided on a programme for the 'computerisation' of the electoral rolls. The introduction of (VVPAT) in eight Lok Sabha constituencies in 2014 Indian General Elections was a big achievement for the Election Commission.
This (VVPAT) system was first used with EVMs in a by-poll in September 2013 in in. And eventually in all elections from September 2013 onwards in various in the country. NOTA symbol in IndiaIn 2014, or NOTA was also added as an option on the voting machines which is now a mandatory option to be provided in any election. The specific symbol for NOTA, a ballot paper with a black cross across it, was introduced on 18 September 2015. The symbol has been designed by,. With the, the state became the first to have photo electoral rolls, with photographs of the candidates on the EVMs. Electors with disabilities The Election Commission of India came under severe criticism when an application filed by activist revealed the commission's ill-preparedness to safeguard electors with disabilities in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.
There were many violations of the order from 2014 to enfranchise persons with disabilities. 2017 Hackathon Election Commission organised an open hackathon on 3 June 2017, to attempt hacking of Electronic Voting Machine used by the commission in various Indian elections. The and were the only two parties that registered for the event but none of them participated. Functioning of and machines were demonstrated to the teams. References. Election Commission of India. Archived from on 26 December 2016.
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Tikku, Aloke (ed.). Retrieved 9 September 2017. ^. Retrieved 9 September 2017.External links. Election Commission of India.